Concrete and Masonry Work: OSHA's Top Violations

What are the most frequently cited serious violationsand if necessary a strut brace. 2 x 10 scaffold planks
of the concrete and masonry standard? Theare typically used as the vertical members and the
following are OSHA's top four followed byinclined strut and 2 x 4s for stakes and strut braces.
suggestions and protective measures you can use to2 x 4s and 2x 6s are inadequate for vertical
make your jobsites safe.1) Failure to protectmembers or inclined struts. All lumber used must be in
employees from impalement - rebar not capped orserviceable condition. Finally, The American National
covered. Make sure that all rebar is capped/coveredStandards Institute (ANSI) recommends that the
with an approved protective device designed for thissupport or bracing be designed and/or performed
purpose such as the hard plastic mushroom typeunder the supervision of a "qualified person" to
caps which are designed to fit various sizes of rebar.withstand (at a minimum) 15 pounds per square foot
Plastic or paper cups, orange traffic cones or tapeand those strong winds need to be considered.4)
are not acceptable means of protection. Prevent orFailure to have the drawings or plans at the jobsite
limit your employees from working in areas wherethat indicate the jack layout and formwork
they could fall into or onto rebar. If this is notplacement. Make sure that a copy of the formwork
possible, limit employee exposure to these areas bydrawings and plans are maintained at the jobsite for
use of guardrails or other fall protection measures asreview by the employer, employees, and OSHA
outlined in Subpart M. Rebar can be bent as acompliance personnel. Your formwork must be
protective measure, however this practice must beinstalled as shown on your drawings and/or plans.For
approved by an engineer, or the rebar can bemore information on custom written construction
covered with lumber (e.g., a 2 x 4 board).2`) Failure tosafety programs / manuals, safety training, and
establish a limited access zone to limit the number ofdiscrete contractor safety programs / manuals please
workers in the danger zone where a masonry wall iscontact Vic Sunshine at Omni Safety Services ( have
under construction. The limited access zone (dangerthe experience
zone) is established to protect employees (in theI've spent my entire life in construction of all types,
immediate vicinity of new wall construction) fromresidential, commercial, and industrial - inside and out
being struck by flying/falling brick and block in thein the field. My earliest days were spent helping my
event of a wall collapse. Only those employeesfather in the late 50's & early 60's tear down
actually engaged in constructing the wall should beresidences for the materials, then helping him as a
within this area. This area must be marked off byremodeling contractor in the late 60's. I started full
means of a chain, rope, tape, or other material thattime in contracting in 1973,1973 - 1974 Hampton
will indicate to employees that they are not to enterElectric, Inc. Estimator, Service Manager
the zone (area). The zone must be equal to the1974 - 1981 Barry Electric, Inc. Project Manager,
length of the wall to be constructed and extendedChief Estimator
out (from the wall's base) a distance equal to the1981 - 1994 TGB, Inc. General, Mechanical
height of the wall to be constructed plus 4 feet.Construction Vice President, President, Chief
Therefore, if the wall to be constructed is 8 feetEstimator, Project Manager
high and 40 feet long, the zone should be 12 feet x1990 - present Omni Safety Services PresidentI
40 feet.3) Failure to brace unsupported section ofhave the safety expertise
masonry wall over 8 feet in height. A new masonryAfter "doing it all" in construction, I retired from the
wall over 8 feet in height should be braced today-to-day construction business in 1994 to pursue
protect against the hazard of collapse. The projectwhat I felt was an obligation - to use my teaching
engineer or competent person should determine howskills to help and protect fellow contractors and
best to brace the wall. A typical masonry wall braceworkers from costly accidents, confusion over
will include a vertical member, an inclined strut, stakes,regulations, and from unjust OSHA targeting.